step 1), fewer other-gender friends (H2), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (Hstep three). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (Hcuatro). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H5). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (Hsix) and mixed-gender friendships (Height).
Players.
Users was hired off five local high universities (that the-female, you to all the-males and two coeducational) located in demographically varied districts in the Hong-kong. Members provided Means step one to help you 6 (seven th to help you 12 th grade) children apart from the new all-girls college or university, from which Means six youngsters was omitted considering the school’s arrangement to possess societal exam thinking. Surveys have been given by a course teacher inside for every class. Professionals done measures into situated details and you can advertised the monthly relatives money, parental training and decades, numbers of siblings and you may brothers, and you can ethnicity. This research is done in accordance to your recommendations and you may acceptance of College away from Hong kong Person Browse Ethics Panel (HKU HREC). Students‘ assent and couch potato consent from moms and dads otherwise guardians was basically gotten ahead of investigation range. All the subjects gave composed told consent in accordance with the Report from Helsinki.
A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, Mage = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.
Intercourse salience level.
Gender salience was counted by the McGuire ainsi que al.’s strategy . It measure has been proven are in the otherwise impacted by the gender constitution [twenty-seven,53]. People had been questioned to give about three lavalife sign up quick responses to each and every away from these two issues: “Tell me what you’re” and you may “Tell me what you’re maybe not”. These people were taught to write down what they you will definitely think of immediately. The responses have been after that coded since “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Table dos shows samples of this programming system. Answers was basically earliest coded alone of the a few programmers. Inter-rater reliability is actually high for everyone solutions (most of the ? > .93). Disputes was following solved of the conversations among them coders. The entire number of sex-associated answers over the a couple issues try summed to indicate intercourse salience.